Impeller for a respiratory device

ABSTRACT

A compact respiratory therapy device suitable for use by a patient during sleep to provide respiratory pressure therapy such as at a pressure between 4-30 cmH2O includes a housing, an inlet, an outlet, a motor including a rotor, and an impeller configured to be rotated by the rotor to deliver a flow of air from the inlet toward the outlet. The impeller includes a set of impeller blades, each impeller blade comprising a leading edge and a trailing edge; and a first shroud and a second shroud, each shroud at least partly defining a flow passage through the impeller, the first shroud comprising a wall defining a periphery of an impeller inlet. The compact respiratory therapy device is configured to deliver the flow of air from the outlet for delivery to the patient at a pressure between 4-30 cmH2O at an overall sound power level of less than 50 dB(A) thereby reducing any disturbance to a quality of sleep for the patient. A diameter of the impeller is less than 50 mm. The first shroud and the second shroud are configured such that the flow passage is narrower in an axial direction at an outer portion of the impeller than at an inner portion of the impeller; and a diameter of the impeller inlet is at least 50% of the diameter of the impeller.

1 CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.16/485,591, filed Aug. 13, 2019, now allowed, which is the U.S. nationalphase of International Application No. PCT/AU2018/050109 filed Feb. 13,2018, which designated the U.S. and claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application Nos. 62/458,862, filed Feb. 14, 2017, and62/512,445, filed May 30, 2017, the entire contents of each of which areincorporated herein by reference.

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains materialwhich is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has noobjection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent documentor the patent disclosure, as it appears in Patent Office patent files orrecords, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

2 BACKGROUND OF THE TECHNOLOGY 2.1 Field of the Technology

The present technology relates to an impeller for a blower for arespiratory therapy device, such as a positive airway pressure (PAP)device or a ventilator. In an example, the blower may be used in a PAPdevice used for the delivery of respiratory therapy to a patient. Morespecifically, the impeller may be particularly suited for a smallrespiratory pressure therapy device, such as one designed to minimize afootprint, to be portable, or to be wearable.

2.2 Description of the Related Art 2.2.1 Therapy

Various therapies, such as Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)therapy, Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and Invasive ventilation (IV)have been used to treat one or more respiratory disorders.

2.2.2 Treatment Systems

These therapies may be provided by a treatment system or device. Suchsystems and devices may also be used to diagnose a condition withouttreating it.

A treatment system may comprise a Respiratory Pressure Therapy Device(RPT device), an air circuit, a humidifier, a patient interface, anddata management.

2.2.2.1 Patient Interface

A patient interface may be used to interface respiratory equipment toits wearer, for example by providing a flow of air to an entrance to theairways. The flow of air may be provided via a mask to the nose and/ormouth, a tube to the mouth or a tracheostomy tube to the trachea of apatient.

2.2.2.2 Respiratory Pressure Therapy (RPT) Device

A respiratory pressure therapy (RPT) device may be used to deliver oneor more of a number of therapies described above, such as by generatinga flow of air for delivery to an entrance to the airways. The flow ofair may be pressurised. Examples of RPT devices include a CPAP deviceand a ventilator.

Air pressure generators are known in a range of applications, e.g.industrial-scale ventilation systems. However, air pressure generatorsfor medical applications have particular requirements not fulfilled bymore generalized air pressure generators, such as the reliability, sizeand weight requirements of medical devices. In addition, even devicesdesigned for medical treatment may suffer from shortcomings, pertainingto one or more of: comfort, noise, ease of use, efficacy, size, weight,manufacturability, cost, and reliability.

An example of the special requirements of certain RPT devices isacoustic noise.

Table of noise output levels of prior RPT devices (one specimen only,measured using test method specified in ISO 3744 in CPAP mode at 10cmH₂O).

A-weighted sound Year RPT Device name pressure level dB(A) (approx.)C-Series Tango ™ 31.9 2007 C-Series Tango ™ with Humidifier 33.1 2007 S8Escape ™ II 30.5 2005 S8 Escape ™ II with H4i ™ Humidifier 31.1 2005 S9AutoSet ™ 26.5 2010 S9 AutoSet ™ with H5i Humidifier 28.6 2010

One suitable form of pressure generators for RPT devices may be acentrifugal air blower, which may comprise one or more impellers. Adesigner for an impeller may face challenges, as a designer of a devicemay be presented with an infinite number of choices to make.

For example, an impeller for an RPT device may have competing desirableproperties such as high efficiency, flow rate and pressure outputrequirements for therapy, small size and rotational inertia, low cost,high mechanical strength and durability. In meeting one, for instance,by simply reducing a diameter of an existing impeller, its maximumavailable flow rate may be decreased, while its size and inertia areadvantageously decreased. Some aerodynamic features for example mayimprove an efficiency of the impeller, however may increase its costs asthe required manufacturing process becomes more complicated.

Simply put, design criteria often conflict, meaning that certain designchoices are far from routine or inevitable.

3 BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE TECHNOLOGY

The present technology is directed towards providing medical devicescomprising alternative arrangements of impellers, blowers and/or RPTdevices that may ameliorate or reduce some of the known challenges inthe art, and manufacturing methods thereof, thus having one or more ofimproved comfort, cost, efficacy, ease of use and manufacturability.

A first aspect of the present technology relates to apparatus used inthe diagnosis, amelioration, treatment or prevention of a respiratorydisorder.

Another aspect of the present technology relates to an RPT device havinga reduced or compact size (e.g., impeller with a reduced size), whileminimizing any compromises to noise and/or efficiency.

Another aspect of the present technology relates to a compactrespiratory therapy device suitable for use by a patient during sleep toprovide respiratory pressure therapy such as at a pressure between 4-30cmH₂O. The device includes a housing, an inlet, an outlet, a motorincluding a rotor, and an impeller configured to be rotated by the rotorto deliver a flow of air from the inlet toward the outlet. The impellerincludes a set of impeller blades, each impeller blade including aleading edge and a trailing edge. The impeller also includes a firstshroud and a second shroud, each shroud at least partly defining a flowpassage through the impeller. The first shroud includes a wall defininga periphery of an impeller inlet. The compact respiratory therapy deviceis configured to deliver the flow of air from the outlet for delivery tothe patient at a pressure between 4-30 cmH₂O at an overall sound powerlevel of less than 50 dB(A) thereby reducing any disturbance to aquality of sleep for the patient. A diameter of the impeller is lessthan 50 mm. The first shroud and the second shroud are configured suchthat the flow passage is narrower in an axial direction at an outerportion of the impeller than at an inner portion of the impeller, and adiameter of the impeller inlet is at least 50% of the diameter of theimpeller.

In an example, the first shroud may be substantially non-planar. In anexample, the first shroud may include a frusto-conical shape. In anexample, the second shroud may be substantially planar. In an example,the leading edge may be inclined by an angle greater than 45 degreeswith respect to an axis of the motor. In an example, the impeller maycomprise a metal. In an example, the impeller may be manufactured by anadditive process. In an example, the impeller may comprise a firstmoulded portion and a second moulded portion fastened together. In anexample, the first moulded portion may comprise the first shroud and theset of impeller blades. In an example, the second moulded portion maycomprise an impeller hub and the second shroud. In an example, the firstmoulded portion and the second moulded portion may be fastened togetherby a snap fit.

Another aspect of the present technology relates to a compactrespiratory therapy device suitable for use by a patient during sleep toprovide respiratory pressure therapy such as at a pressure between 4-30cmH₂O. The device includes a housing, an inlet, an outlet, a motorincluding a rotor, and an impeller configured to be rotated by the rotorto deliver a flow of air from the inlet toward the outlet. The impellerincludes a set of impeller blades, each impeller blade comprising aleading edge and a trailing edge. The impeller also includes a firstshroud and a second shroud, each shroud at least partly defining a flowpassage through the impeller. The first shroud includes a wall defininga periphery of an impeller inlet. The compact respiratory therapy deviceis configured to deliver the flow of air from the outlet for delivery tothe patient at a pressure between 4-30 cmH₂O at an overall sound powerlevel of less than 50 dB(A) thereby reducing any disturbance to aquality of sleep for the patient. A diameter of the impeller is lessthan 50 mm. A thickness of the leading edge and the trailing edge ofeach impeller blade is less than about 0.2 mm to improve efficiency ofthe compact respiratory therapy device.

In an example, the impeller may comprise a metal. In an example, theimpeller may be produced by an additive method. In an example, the firstshroud may be tapered in a radial direction with respect to an axialdirection. In an example, the rotor may include a shaft comprising thesame metal as the impeller. In an example, the leading edge and thetrailing edge of each impeller blade may comprise an elastomer. Inexample, each impeller blade may further comprise a rigid material. Inan example, the thickness of the leading edge and the trailing edge ofeach impeller blade may be less than 0.1 mm.

Another aspect of the present technology relates to a compactrespiratory therapy device suitable for use by a patient during sleep toprovide respiratory pressure therapy. The device includes a housing, aninlet, an outlet, a motor including a rotor, and an impeller configuredto be rotated by the rotor to deliver a flow of air from the inlettoward the outlet. The impeller includes a plurality of impeller blades,each impeller blade comprising a leading edge and a trailing edge. Theimpeller also includes a first shroud and a second shroud, each shroudat least partly defining a flow passage through the impeller. The firstshroud includes a wall defining a periphery of an impeller inlet. Thecompact respiratory therapy device is configured to deliver the flow ofair from the outlet for delivery to the patient at a pressure between4-30 cm₂O at an overall sound power level of less than 50 dB(A) therebyreducing any disturbance to a quality of sleep for the patient. Adiameter of the impeller is less than 50 mm, and a leading edge of theperiphery of the impeller inlet comprises a cross sectional shape with aradius of at least 0.5 mm, whereby in use, an air flow entering theimpeller is discouraged from detachment at or around the radius.

Another aspect of the present technology relates to a compactrespiratory therapy device suitable for use by a patient during sleep toprovide respiratory pressure therapy. The device includes a housing, aninlet, an outlet, a motor including a rotor, and an impeller configuredto be rotated by the rotor to deliver a flow of air from the inlettoward the outlet. The impeller includes a plurality of impeller blades,each impeller blade comprising a leading edge and a trailing edge. Theimpeller also includes a first shroud and a second shroud, each shroudat least partly defining a flow passage through the impeller. The firstshroud includes a wall defining a periphery of an impeller inlet. Thecompact respiratory therapy device is configured to deliver the flow ofair from the outlet for delivery to the patient at a pressure between4-30 cm₂O at an overall sound power level of less than 50 dB(A) therebyreducing any disturbance to a quality of sleep for the patient. Adiameter of the impeller is less than about 50 mm, and a leading edge ofthe first shroud comprises a cross sectional shape with a radius of atleast 0.5 mm, whereby in use, an air flow entering the impeller isdiscouraged from detachment.

In an example, the radius of the leading edge of the first shroud may begreater than 70% of a maximum thickness of a body of the first shroud.In an example, the radius of the leading edge of the first shroud may begreater than the maximum thickness of the body of the first shroud. Inan example, the first shroud may be tapered in an axial direction of themotor. In an example, the first shroud may comprise a frusto-conicalshape. In an example, the second shroud may be substantially planar.

Another aspect of the present technology relates to a compactrespiratory therapy device suitable for use by a patient during sleep toprovide respiratory pressure therapy. The device includes a housing, aninlet, an outlet, a motor including a rotor, and an impeller configuredto be rotated by the rotor to deliver a flow of air from the inlettoward the outlet. The impeller includes a plurality of impeller blades,each impeller blade comprising a leading edge and a trailing edge. Theimpeller also includes a first shroud and a second shroud, each shroudat least partly defining a flow passage through the impeller. The firstshroud includes a wall defining a periphery of an impeller inlet. Thecompact respiratory therapy device is configured to deliver the flow ofair from the outlet for delivery to the patient at a pressure between4-30 cm₂O at an overall sound power level of less than 50 dB(A) therebyreducing any disturbance to a quality of sleep for the patient. Adiameter of the impeller is less than about 50 mm, and a leading edge ofthe first shroud comprises a cross sectional shape with a radius of atleast 1% of the diameter of the impeller, whereby in use, an air flowentering the impeller is discouraged from detachment.

Another aspect of the present technology relates to a compactrespiratory therapy device suitable for use by a patient during sleep toprovide respiratory pressure therapy. The device includes a housing, aninlet, an outlet, a motor including a rotor, and an impeller configuredto be rotated by the rotor to deliver a flow of air from the inlettoward the outlet. The impeller includes a plurality of impeller blades,each impeller blade comprising a leading edge and a trailing edge. Theimpeller also includes a first shroud and a second shroud, each shroudat least partly defining a flow passage through the impeller. The firstshroud includes a wall defining a periphery of an impeller inlet. Thecompact respiratory therapy device is configured to deliver the flow ofair from the outlet for delivery to the patient at a pressure between4-30 cmH₂O at an overall sound power level of less than 50 dB(A) therebyreducing any disturbance to a quality of sleep for the patient. Adiameter of the impeller is less than about 50 mm, and the first shroudcomprises a first material and the second shroud comprises a secondmaterial, where one of the first and second materials is an elastomer.

In an example, one of the first and second materials may be silicone. Inan example, the plurality of impeller blades may comprise silicone atthe trailing edge. In an example, the trailing edge may compriseserrations arranged along the trailing edge. In an example, the firstshroud may be substantially non-planar. In an example, the first shroudmay comprises a frusto-conical shape. In an example, the second shroudmay be substantially planar. In an example, the leading edge may beinclined by an angle greater than 45 degrees with respect to an axis ofthe motor.

Another aspect of the present technology relates to a compactrespiratory therapy device suitable for use by a patient during sleep toprovide respiratory pressure therapy. The device includes a housing, aninlet, an outlet, a motor including a rotor, and an impeller configuredto be rotated by the rotor to deliver a flow of air from the inlettoward the outlet. The impeller includes a first moulded part comprisinga plurality of impeller blades, each impeller blade comprising a leadingedge and a trailing edge, and a first shroud comprising a wall defininga periphery of an impeller inlet. The impeller also includes a secondmoulded part comprising a hub structured for coupling to the rotor and asecond shroud. The compact respiratory therapy device is configured todeliver the flow of air from the outlet for delivery to the patient at apressure between 4-30 cmH₂O at an overall sound power level of less than50 dB(A) thereby reducing any disturbance to a quality of sleep for thepatient. A diameter of the impeller is less than about 50 mm, and eachshroud at least partly defines a flow passage through the impeller.

In an example, the first moulded part and the second moulded part may befastened by a snap fit. In an example, the hub may be press fit onto therotor and the snap fit may be tightened by the press fit. In an example,the first moulded part and the second moulded part may be weldedtogether. In an example, the first moulded part may further comprise anouter portion of the second shroud, and the second moulded part mayfurther comprise an outer portion of the first shroud. In an example,the second moulded part may further comprise inner portions of theimpeller blades. In an example, the inner portions of the impellerblades may be adapted to be received in corresponding openings providedwithin the impeller blades. In an example, the first moulded part maycomprise silicone. In an example, the first moulded part may beovermoulded to the second moulded part.

Another aspect of the present technology relates to a compactrespiratory therapy device suitable for use by a patient during sleep toprovide respiratory pressure therapy. The device includes a housing, aninlet, an outlet, a motor including a rotor, and an impeller configuredto be rotated by the rotor to deliver a flow of air from the inlettoward the outlet. The impeller includes: a first moulded part includinga plurality of impeller blades, each impeller blade including a leadingedge and a trailing edge; a hub structured for coupling to the rotor;and a first shroud comprising a wall defining a periphery of an impellerinlet. The impeller further includes a second moulded part including: asecond shroud; and a fastening portion. The compact respiratory therapydevice is configured to deliver the flow of air from the outlet fordelivery to the patient at a pressure between 4-30 cmH₂O at an overallsound power level of less than 50 dB(A) thereby reducing any disturbanceto a quality of sleep for the patient. A diameter of the impeller isless than about 50 mm, and each shroud at least partly defines a flowpassage through the impeller.

In an example, the first moulded part may further comprise a pluralityof protrusions adapted to engage with the fastening portion of thesecond moulded part. In an example, each impeller blade may comprise athickened protrusion adapted to engage with the fastening portion of thesecond moulded part. In an example, the fastening portion of the secondmoulded part may comprise a lower portion of the hub with which the hubof the first moulded part is adapted to engage.

Another aspect of the present technology relates to a compactrespiratory therapy device suitable for use by a patient during sleep toprovide respiratory pressure therapy. The device includes a housing, aninlet, an outlet, a motor including a rotor, and an impeller configuredto be rotated by the rotor to deliver a flow of air from the inlettoward the outlet. The impeller includes: a first moulded part includinga first shroud including a wall defining a periphery of an impellerinlet; a second moulded part including: a hub structured for coupling tothe rotor, and a second shroud; and a third moulded part comprising aplurality of impeller blades, each impeller blade comprising a leadingedge and a trailing edge. The compact respiratory therapy device isconfigured to deliver the flow of air from the outlet for delivery tothe patient at a pressure between 4-30 cmH₂O at an overall sound powerlevel of less than 50 dB(A) thereby reducing any disturbance to aquality of sleep for the patient. A diameter of the impeller is lessthan about 50 mm, and each shroud at least partly defines a flow passagethrough the impeller.

Another aspect of the present technology relates to a compactrespiratory therapy device suitable for use by a patient during sleep toprovide respiratory pressure therapy. The device includes a housing, aninlet, an outlet, a motor including a rotor, and an impeller configuredto be rotated by the rotor to deliver a flow of air from the inlettoward the outlet. The impeller includes: a first moulded partincluding: a first shroud comprising a wall defining a periphery of animpeller inlet; and a plurality of impeller blades, each impeller bladecomprising a leading edge and a trailing edge; a second moulded partcomprising a second shroud; and a third moulded part comprising a hubstructured for coupling to the rotor. The compact respiratory therapydevice is configured to deliver the flow of air from the outlet fordelivery to the patient at a pressure between 4-30 cmH₂O at an overallsound power level of less than 50 dB(A) thereby reducing any disturbanceto a quality of sleep for the patient. A diameter of the impeller isless than about 50 mm, and each shroud at least partly defines a flowpassage through the impeller.

In an example, the second moulded part may further comprise a lowerportion of the hub and lower portions of each of the impeller blades. Inan example, the first moulded part may further comprise an upper portionof the hub. In an example, the third moulded part may be injectionmoulded to the first and second moulded parts to fasten the first andsecond moulded parts to one another.

Another aspect of the present technology relates to an impellerconfigured to be rotated by a rotor to deliver a flow of air. Theimpeller includes: a set of impeller blades, each impeller bladecomprising a leading edge and a trailing edge; and a first shroud and asecond shroud, each shroud at least partly defining a flow passagethrough the impeller, the first shroud comprising a wall defining aperiphery of an impeller inlet. A diameter of the impeller is less than50 mm. The impeller comprises a metallic material, and the impeller ismanufactured by an additive process.

Of course, portions of the aspects may form sub-aspects of the presenttechnology. Also, various ones of the sub-aspects and/or aspects may becombined in various manners and also constitute additional aspects orsub-aspects of the present technology.

Other features of the technology will be apparent from consideration ofthe information contained in the following detailed description,abstract, drawings and claims.

4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present technology is illustrated by way of example, and not by wayof limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in whichlike reference numerals refer to similar elements including:

4.1 Treatment Systems

FIG. 1A shows a system including a patient 1000 wearing a patientinterface 3000, in the form of nasal pillows, receiving a supply of airat positive pressure from an RPT device 4000. Air from the RPT device4000 is humidified in a humidifier 5000, and passes along an air circuit4170 to the patient 1000. A bed partner 1100 is also shown. The patientis sleeping in a supine sleeping position.

4.2 Respiratory System And Facial Anatomy

FIG. 2A shows an overview of a human respiratory system including thenasal and oral cavities, the larynx, vocal folds, oesophagus, trachea,bronchus, lung, alveolar sacs, heart and diaphragm.

4.3 Patient Interface

FIG. 3A shows a patient interface in the form of a nasal mask inaccordance with one form of the present technology.

4.4 RPT Device

FIG. 4A shows an RPT device in accordance with one form of the presenttechnology.

4.5 Impeller

FIG. 5A shows an impeller in accordance with one form of the presenttechnology.

FIG. 5B shows a cross-section of the impeller shown in FIG. 5A.

FIG. 5C shows an isometric view of the impeller shown in FIG. 5A.

FIG. 5D shows an elevation view of the impeller shown in FIG. 5A.

FIG. 5E shows an elevation view of the impeller shown in FIG. 5A,indicating cross sections taken for FIGS. 5F-5N.

FIGS. 5F-5N show plan views of an impeller in accordance with one formof the present technology at various cross sections as indicated on FIG.5E.

FIG. 50 shows an elevation view of an impeller in accordance with oneform of the present technology.

FIG. 5P shows an isometric view of the impeller shown in FIG. 50 .

FIG. 5Q shows a plan view of the impeller shown in FIG. 50 , indicatingcross-sections taken for FIGS. 5R-5S.

FIGS. 5R-5S show cross-sections of the impeller as indicated on FIG. 5Q.

FIG. 5T shows an isometric view of an impeller in accordance with oneform of the present technology.

FIG. 5U shows an exploded view of the impeller shown in FIG. 5T.

FIG. 5V shows a bottom isometric view of the impeller shown in FIG. 5T.

FIG. 5W shows an exploded view of the impeller shown in FIG. 5V.

FIG. 5X shows a cross-section of the impeller as indicated on FIG. 5T.

FIG. 5Y shows an isometric view of an impeller in accordance with oneform of the present technology.

FIG. 5Z shows a bottom isometric view of the impeller shown in FIG. 5Y.

FIG. 5AA shows a plan view of the impeller shown in FIG. 5Y, indicatingcross-sections taken for FIGS. 5DD-5EE.

FIG. 5BB shows an exploded view of the impeller shown in FIG. 5Y.

FIG. 5CC shows another exploded view of the impeller shown in FIG. 5Y.

FIGS. 5DD-5EE show cross-sections of the impeller as indicated on FIG.5AA.

FIG. 5FF shows a cross-section of a blower for an RPT device includingimpellers in accordance with one form of the present technology.

FIG. 5GG is an enlarged portion of the blower as indicated on FIG. 5FF.

FIG. 5HH shows an exploded view of an impeller in accordance with oneform of the present technology.

FIG. 5II shows a cross-section of the impeller shown in FIG. 5HH.

FIG. 5JJ shows a partial exploded view of an impeller in accordance withone form of the present technology.

FIG. 5KK shows an exploded view of an impeller in accordance with oneform of the present technology.

FIG. 5LL shows a cross-section of the impeller shown in FIG. 5KK.

FIG. 5MM shows an exploded view of an impeller in accordance with oneform of the present technology.

FIG. 5NN shows a cross-section of the impeller shown in FIG. 5MM.

FIG. 5OO shows an exploded view of an impeller in accordance with oneform of the present technology.

FIG. 5PP shows a cross-section of the impeller shown in FIG. 5OO.

FIG. 5QQ shows an exploded view of an impeller in accordance with oneform of the present technology.

FIG. 5RR shows an exploded view of an impeller in accordance with oneform of the present technology.

FIG. 5SS shows a cross-section of the impeller shown in FIG. 5RR.

FIG. 5TT shows is a perspective view of the impeller shown in FIG. 5RR.

5 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLES OF THE TECHNOLOGY

Before the present technology is described in further detail, it is tobe understood that the technology is not limited to the particularexamples described herein, which may vary. It is also to be understoodthat the terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose ofdescribing only the particular examples discussed herein, and is notintended to be limiting.

The following description is provided in relation to various exampleswhich may share one or more common characteristics and/or features. Itis to be understood that one or more features of any one example may becombinable with one or more features of another example or otherexamples. In addition, any single feature or combination of features inany of the examples may constitute a further example.

5.1 Therapy

In one form, the present technology comprises a method for treating arespiratory disorder comprising the step of applying positive pressureto the entrance of the airways of a patient 1000.

In certain examples of the present technology, a supply of air atpositive pressure is provided to the nasal passages of the patient viaone or both nares.

In certain examples of the present technology, mouth breathing islimited, restricted or prevented.

5.2 Treatment Systems

In one form, the present technology comprises an apparatus or device fortreating a respiratory disorder. The apparatus or device may comprise anRPT device 4000 for supplying pressurised air to the patient 1000 via anair circuit 4170 to a patient interface 3000.

5.3 Patient Interface

As shown in FIG. 3A, a non-invasive patient interface 3000 in accordancewith one aspect of the present technology comprises the followingfunctional aspects:

a seal-forming structure 3100, a plenum chamber 3200, a positioning andstabilizing structure 3300, a vent 3400, one form of connection port3600 for connection to air circuit 4170, and a forehead support 3700. Insome forms a functional aspect may be provided by one or more physicalcomponents. In some forms, one physical component may provide one ormore functional aspects. In use the seal-forming structure 3100 isarranged to surround an entrance to the airways of the patient so as tofacilitate the supply of air at positive pressure to the airways.

5.4 RPT DEVICE

An RPT device 4000 in accordance with one aspect of the presenttechnology comprises mechanical, pneumatic, and/or electrical componentsand is configured to execute one or more algorithms. The RPT device 4000may be configured to generate a flow of air for delivery to a patient'sairways, such as to treat one or more of the respiratory conditionsdescribed elsewhere in the present document.

In one form, the RPT device 4000 is constructed and arranged to becapable of delivering a flow of air in a range of −20 L/min to +150L/min while maintaining a positive pressure of at least 6 cm₂₀, or atleast 10 cm₂₀, or at least 20 cm₂₀.

As shown in FIG. 4A, the RPT device may have an external housing 4010,formed in two parts, an upper portion 4012 and a lower portion 4014.Furthermore, the external housing 4010 may include one or more panel(s)4015. The RPT device 4000 comprises a chassis 4016 that supports one ormore internal components of the RPT device 4000. The RPT device 4000 mayinclude a handle 4018.

The pneumatic path of the RPT device 4000 may comprise one or more airpath items, e.g., an inlet air filter 4112, an inlet muffler, a pressuregenerator capable of supplying air at positive pressure (e.g., a blower4142), an outlet muffler and one or more transducers, such as pressuresensors and flow rate sensors.

One or more of the air path items may be located within a removableunitary structure which will be referred to as a pneumatic block 4020.The pneumatic block 4020 may be located within the external housing4010. In one form a pneumatic block 4020 is supported by, or formed aspart of the chassis 4016.

The RPT device 4000 may have an electrical power supply 4210, one ormore input devices 4220, a central controller, a therapy devicecontroller, a pressure generator, one or more protection circuits,memory, transducers, data communication interface and one or more outputdevices. Electrical components 4200 may be mounted on a single PrintedCircuit Board Assembly (PCBA) 4202. In an alternative form, the RPTdevice 4000 may include more than one PCBA 4202.

5.4.1 RPT Device Mechanical & Pneumatic Components

An RPT device may comprise one or more of the following components in anintegral unit. In an alternative form, one or more of the followingcomponents may be located as respective separate units.

5.4.1.1 Pressure Generator

In one form of the present technology, a pressure generator forproducing a flow, or a supply, of air at positive pressure is acontrollable blower 4142. For example the blower 4142 may include abrushless DC motor with one or more impellers. The blower may be capableof delivering a supply of air, for example at a rate of up to about 120litres/minute, at a positive pressure in a range from about 4 cmH₂O toabout 20 cmH₂O, or in other forms up to about 30 cmH₂O. The blower maybe as described in any one of the following patents or patentapplications the contents of which are incorporated herein by referencein their entirety: U.S. Pat. No. 7,866,944; U.S. Pat. No. 8,638,014;U.S. Pat. No. 8,636,479; and PCT Patent Application Publication No. WO2013/020167.

The pressure generator is under the control of the therapy devicecontroller.

In other forms, a pressure generator may be a piston-driven pump, apressure regulator connected to a high pressure source (e.g. compressedair reservoir), or a bellows.

5.4.1.1.1 Impeller

Examples of impellers according to the present technology are shown inFIGS. 5A-5TT. The impeller may be suitable for use in a centrifugalblower, such as those described elsewhere in the present specification.

An impeller 500 may comprise one or more of:

a set of impeller blades 510, each impeller blade 510 comprising aleading edge 511 and a trailing edge 512;

a first shroud and/or a second shroud, such as a top shroud 520 and/or abottom shroud 525, at least partly defining a flow passage 540 throughthe impeller;

a hub 530 for coupling the impeller to a motor, the hub 530 may beretained by an interference fit to a rotor or motor shaft of the motorfor example, however any number of other known retention mechanisms maybe suitable.

Where the impeller 500 comprises a first shroud and a second shroud, thefirst and second shrouds may be arranged such that an axial distancetherebetween may generally decrease towards an outer portion of theimpeller in the radial direction.

FIGS. 5A to 5N illustrate an impeller 500 according to one example ofthe present technology. As illustrated, the impeller 500 includes aplurality of impeller blades 510 located between and connected to thefirst or top shroud 520 and the second or bottom shroud 525. In theillustrated example, the bottom shroud 525 extends to the hub 530adapted to receive the rotor of the motor.

In the illustrated example, the top shroud 520 is substantiallynon-planar. For example, the top shroud 520 may taper in the radialdirection with respect to the axial direction of the impeller, e.g., thetop shroud 520 may comprise a frusto-conical shape. The top shroud 520includes an outer edge defining a diameter D of the top shroud and aninner edge defining a center opening which provides an impeller inlet522. An impeller inlet wall 521 extends along the inner edge to define aperiphery of the impeller inlet 522. The free end portion of the inletwall 521 provides a leading edge 523 of the impeller inlet 522. In thisarrangement, the top shroud 520 extends to an outer periphery of theimpeller, thus the diameter D of the top shroud is the same as thediameter of the impeller. However in other arrangements, the top shroud520 may not extend to the outer periphery of the impeller, for exampleonly covering a part of the impeller blades.

In the illustrated example, the bottom shroud 525 is substantiallyplanar. As illustrated, the outer edge of the bottom shroud 525 definesa diameter that is substantially similar, e.g., the same, to thediameter D defined by the outer edge of the top shroud 520. In anexample, the diameter D of the impeller is less than about 50 mm. The 50mm dimension is not intended to be strictly limiting and the skilledperson would understand that other diameters in the vicinity of 50 mmwould give some beneficial effect.

The top and bottom shrouds 520, 525 cooperate to define a flow passage540 therebetween through the impeller. The flow passage 540 extends fromthe impeller inlet 522 at an inner portion of the impeller to animpeller outlet 524 at an outer portion of the impeller. The flowpassage 540 may include a plurality of channels, each channel defined atleast partly by the top and bottom shrouds 520, 525 and impeller blades510.

In the illustrated example, the flow passage 540 defined between the topand bottom shrouds 520, 525 is structured to narrow (in a normaldirection to the direction of the airflow) from the impeller inlet 522to the impeller outlet 524, i.e., the spacing or distance between thetop and bottom shrouds 520, 525 lessens or tapers from the impellerinlet to the impeller outlet.

That is, the top and bottom shrouds 520, 525 are configured such thatthe flow passage is narrower in the axial direction at the outer portionof the impeller than at the inner portion of the impeller, i.e., anaxial distance between the top and bottom shrouds 520, 525 may generallydecrease towards the outer portion of the impeller in the radialdirection. For example, FIG. 5B shows exemplary axial distances d1 andd2 between the top and bottom shrouds 520, 525, with d1 along an innerportion of the impeller larger than d2 along an outer portion of theimpeller and the axial distance gradually decreasing from d1 to d2 inthe radial direction. Additionally, the top and bottom shrouds 520, 525are configured such that the axial distance between them at the outletof the impeller (i.e., d2) is smaller than the radial dimension of theinlet.

Thus, an impeller according to an aspect of the present technology maycomprise a flow passage 540 comprising a plurality of channels, eachchannel configured with a decreasing height along a direction of the airflow therethrough.

5.4.1.1.1.1 Impeller inlet

An impeller according to the present technology may comprise arelatively large impeller inlet size as a proportion of the impellerdiameter D. In one form, the impeller inlet 522 may be defined by aperiphery of the top shroud 520, such as in FIG. 5B, where the inletwall 521 of the top shroud 520 is shown in the cross section.

In general, it may be a disadvantage to increase a size of the impellerinlet in a centrifugal blower while maintaining other dimensions (e.g.,impeller diameter), as such an increase may decrease an effectivediameter of the impeller in which pressure using the centrifugal effectmay be imparted to the air flowing through the blower. In other words,enlargement of an impeller inlet may result in a configuration whereininsufficient pressure is generated by the blower.

However, for an application such as in RPT devices, where a small sizeof the device is desirable for aesthetic reasons, convenient bedsideplacement of the RPT device and portability, a designer may wish toreduce a size of the impeller. However, as an impeller diameter isreduced, a velocity of the air flow through the impeller is increased,adversely affecting noise and efficiency of the impeller, for examplecaused by changes to an aerodynamic behaviour due to the increase in airvelocity.

As described elsewhere, an RPT device may be relatively unique in thatit is preferably small and quiet for bedside/nocturnal/sleep-time use,while requiring generation of sufficient pressures and flow rates forrespiratory therapy. For use in small, possibly portable, RPT devices,it was found that a decrease in impeller diameter may be accompanied bya relative increase in the impeller inlet diameter.

In one form, the impeller of a diameter D of less than 50 mm maycomprise an impeller inlet 522, wherein a diameter (dinlet as shown inFIG. 5A) of the impeller inlet 522 is at least 50% of the diameter D ofthe impeller. The 50% proportion is not intended to be strictly limitingand the skilled person would understand that other proportions in thevicinity of 50% would give some beneficial effect. In one example, theimpeller may comprise a diameter D of 40 mm with an impeller inletdiameter &lei of 20 mm, 22 mm or 24 mm.

According to another aspect of the present technology, the impellerinlet wall 521, or a periphery of the impeller inlet 522, may comprise arelatively large radius to improve overall impeller and/or blowerperformance. An increased radius at a portion facing the incoming airflow into the impeller may advantageously lead to improved efficiency,as the air flow remains attached to the inlet wall 521.

In one form, a leading edge of the periphery of the impeller inlet 522,e.g., the leading edge 523 at the free end portion of the inlet wall 521of the top shroud 520 (as best shown in FIG. 5B), comprises a crosssectional shape with a radius of at least 0.5 mm. In another form, aradius of the leading edge of the first or top shroud 520 is greaterthan 70% of the maximum thickness of the body of the first shroud 520,such as greater than 85%, 100% or 115%. In another form, a radius of theleading edge 523 of the first or top shroud 520 is greater than themaximum thickness of a body of the first shroud 520. In another form, aleading edge of the first or top shroud 520 comprises a cross sectionalshape with a radius of at least 1% of the diameter D of the impeller. Inuse, an air flow entering the impeller at the impeller inlet 522 isdiscouraged from detachment at or around the radius, e.g., to reducenoise and improve efficiency.

5.4.1.1.1.2 Impeller Blades

The impeller 500 may comprise a plurality of impeller blades 510. In theillustrated example, the impeller includes 11 blades 510. However, itshould be appreciated that the impeller may include other suitablenumbers of blades, e.g., 3 or more blades, e.g., 5-20 blades, e.g., 7blades, 11 blades, 13 blades.

Each impeller blade 510 extends from the hub 530 towards the outer edgeof the impeller. Each impeller blade may be connected to the top andbottom shrouds 520, 525. Each impeller blade comprises a leading edge511 and a trailing edge 512. It should be noted that the terms ‘leadingedge’ and ‘trailing edge’ are to be understood akin to its usage inaeronautics, referring to a portions of a wing, rather than a narrowgeometric sense of an ‘edge’.

For example, a ‘leading edge’ may refer to a part of the impeller bladethat generally first contacts the air coming into the impeller.Similarly, a ‘trailing edge’ may refer to a part of the impeller bladethat generally last contacts the air as it leaves the impeller.

In the illustrated example, the impeller blades 510 are sandwichedbetween the top and bottom shrouds 520, 525. As illustrated, each blade510 is overlapped by the top shroud 520 such that a first edge 515 alongan outer portion of the blade is in contact with the top shroud 520 andthe leading edge 511 along an inner portion of the blade is exposedthrough the impeller inlet 522, i.e., leading edge 511 extends betweenthe inlet wall 521 and the hub 530 defining the inlet 522 into theimpeller. Each blade 510 is overlapped by the bottom shroud 525 suchthat a second edge 517 is in contact with the bottom shroud 525 and hub530 along its entire length. The trailing edge 512 is exposed throughthe impeller outlet 524 between the outer ends of the top and bottomshrouds 520, 525.

In the illustrated example, each blade 510 extends to the outer edges ofthe top and bottom shrouds 520, 525, e.g., the blades 510 do not extendbeyond the top and bottom shrouds 520, 525. In alternative examples, theblades 510 may extend beyond or extend short of the outer edges of thetop and bottom shrouds 520, 525.

According to one aspect of the present technology, the leading edge 511and/or the trailing edge 512 of an impeller blade 510 may be very thin,such that turbulence and noise is reduced at the inlet and outlet of theimpeller. In an example, the thickness of the leading edge 511 and/orthe trailing edge 512 of an impeller blade 510 may be less than about0.2 mm, e.g., less than about 0.1 mm, such as measured at its thinnestportion, or measured at its outermost portion (i.e., most downstreamportion). The 0.2 mm is not intended to be strictly limiting and theskilled person would understand that other thicknesses the vicinity of0.2 mm would give some positive effect. Furthermore, uniquely to RPTdevices, some impeller designs may be such that a seemingly smallreduction in a size of the leading (and/or trailing) edge may have apositive effect on the air flow of the impeller and efficiency of theRPT device.

In an example, the cross-sectional thickness of each blade 510 may bevariable or tapered, e.g., along at least a portion of its length inplan view. For example, as shown in FIGS. 5K-5N, an outer portion ofeach blade 510 may include a cross-sectional thickness that taperstowards the trailing edge 512.

Also, as shown in FIGS. 5K-5N, each blade 510 may be curved and/orprovide curved exterior surfaces, e.g., along at least a portion of itslength in plan view. For example, as shown in FIGS. 5K-5N, an outerportion of each blade 510 may provide curved surfaces 519 along itslength towards the trailing edge 512, e.g., to provide a smooth air flowpassage to reduce turbulence and hence noise.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 5K-5N, the flow passage defined betweenadjacent blades 510 is structured to enlarge, e.g., along at least aportion of its length in plan view. For example, as shown in FIGS.5K-5N, the flow passage defined between adjacent blades 510 isstructured to enlarge towards the trailing edges 512, e.g., to increasepressure.

An impeller blade 510 may be inclined, as shown in FIGS. 5C, 5P or thecross sections shown in FIGS. 5K-5N. For example, the leading edge 511of each blade 510 may be inclined, e.g., by an angle greater than 45degrees, with respect to an axis of the hub 530 or motor.

In the example of FIGS. 5A-5N, the trailing edge 512 extendssubstantially parallel to an axis of the hub 530.

In some forms, as shown in FIGS. 50-5S, the impeller blade 510 maycomprise one or more serrations, e.g., the leading edge 511 and/or thetrailing edge 512 may comprise one or more serrations arranged along theleading edge 511 and/or the trailing edge 512. Some examples ofpotentially suitable arrangements of leading edge and/or trailing edgeserrations may be found on PCT Patent Application Publication No. WO2016/201516, the contents of which is incorporated herein by referencein its entirety.

5.4.1.1.1.3 Impeller Construction

Many prior art impellers, particularly in the field of respiratorypressure therapy devices, have been manufactured by injection moulding apolymer material. Typical reasons may have included (but not limitedto):

-   -   low cost per part, particularly as volume produced increases;    -   smooth surface finish from injection moulding, which may        minimize any turbulence generated;    -   high reproducibility of moulded parts, ensuring consistency and        quality control; and    -   low density (and relatively high stiffness and strength) of        plastic used, helping to minimize mass and rotational inertia,        such that rapid acceleration and deceleration may be more easily        achievable.

As a consequence of using injection moulding, particular impellergeometries may have been either extremely difficult to achieve, orsimply not possible using injection moulding only. For example, animpeller employing curved and swept blades, as well as top and bottomshrouds, may be extremely difficult to manufacture using an injectionmoulding process. That is, once the component had been moulded, it couldnot be extracted from the moulding tool, as the tool and the componentwould now be intertwined.

In another example, an injection moulded plastic component may require aminimum wall thickness, such that the molten plastic being injected maybe able to flow sufficiently within the mould without requiringexcessive pressures.

In some examples, an impeller comprising one or more of the aspectsdescribed herein may be manufactured by employing alternativemanufacturing methods or constructions, while overcoming some of thedisadvantages previously associated with such methods.

Additive Manufacturing

In one aspect, an impeller according to the present technology may beproduced by an additive technique, sometimes referred to as“three-dimensional (3D) printing”, potentially using a metallic materialsuch as titanium, aluminium or stainless steel.

In many applications, even in some instances of RPT devices, a metallicimpeller may have a disadvantage over a polymer impeller due to theincreased rotational inertia. As alluded to earlier, a higher rotationalinertia of an impeller may require an increased capability from a motordriving the impeller, as the requisite torque to accelerate ordecelerate the impeller is increased. In turn, the motor may increase insize, and requirements for the power supply and/or a battery mayaccordingly be increased.

However, for a relatively small impeller, some of these problems may beameliorated, whereby use of a metallic material becomes more feasible.As a diameter of the impeller decreases, the corresponding rotationalinertia decreases as the square of the radius: I∝mr², where I refers torotational inertia, m to mass of the impeller and r is the radius of theimpeller. This is effectively a power of 4 dependency of rotationalinertia on radius, since for a given material and thickness the mass ofthe impeller also varies as the square of the radius.

Thus, advantageously, it was found that for the present application andsize, additive manufacturing techniques using a metallic material may beparticularly suitable such that high-efficiency geometry such as thosedescribed herein may be achieved.

In some instances, a material (e.g., metallic material) with thesame/similar coefficient of expansion as a rotor (e.g., motor shaft) maybe chosen (e.g., the shaft and the impeller may comprise the same metalor metallic material), such that if the impeller is press fit onto therotor, any thermal expansion would occur uniformly between the twojoined, rotating components. This may help to preserve integrity of aninterference fit despite variations in temperature, which may vary morewithin a motor than for example in ambient air.

Multi-Part Construction

According to one aspect of the present technology, such as shown inFIGS. 5T-5TT, an impeller 500 may comprise multiple portions.

In some forms, one portion may comprise a different material to anotherportion. For instance, a first portion may comprise a deformable,resilient material and a second portion may comprise a rigid material.In an example, the rigid material may be a plastic material, and theresilient material may be an elastomeric material such as a siliconematerial.

In the example shown in FIGS. 5Y-5EE, a first moulded part or portion,i.e., a first impeller portion 500-1, may be structured and arranged tobe coupled to a second moulded part or portion, i.e., second impellerportion 500-2, to produce the impeller 500. The first impeller portion500-1 may comprise a deformable, resilient material (e.g., anelastomeric material such as silicone) that may be coupled with thesecond impeller portion 500-2 comprising a rigid material (e.g., rigidplastic). For example, a manufacturing process may first produce (e.g.,mould) the second impeller portion 500-2, onto which the first impellerportion 500-1 may be overmoulded. Other forms of coupling, such aschemical bonding or mechanical bonding, may be suitable that are notovermoulded.

As illustrated, the first impeller portion 500-1 comprises the pluralityof impeller blades 510, a portion of the top shroud 520 (i.e., an inneror first portion 520-1 of the top shroud which comprises the inlet wall521 defining the periphery of the impeller inlet 522), and a portion ofthe bottom shroud 525 (i.e., an outer or first portion 525-1 of thebottom shroud). The second impeller portion 500-2 comprises a portion ofthe top shroud 520 (i.e., an outer or second portion 520-2 of the topshroud), the hub 530 structured for coupling to the rotor, a portion ofthe bottom shroud 525 (i.e., an inner or second portion 525-2 of thebottom shroud), and inner blade portions 513. The inner blade portions513 are adapted to be received in corresponding openings 514 providedwithin the impeller blades 510, e.g., to add rigidity to the impellerblades 510.

When the first impeller portion 500-1 is overmoulded to the secondimpeller portion 500-2 to produce the impeller 500, the inner portion520-1 and the outer portion 520-2 cooperate to form the top shroud 520,the outer portion 525-1 and the inner portion 525-2 cooperate to formthe bottom shroud 525, and the inner blade portions 513 add interiorrigidity to the impeller blades 510, i.e., inner blade portions 513 adda rigid material to the impeller blades 510. In such arrangement, theimpeller blades 510 and the leading and trailing edges 511, 512 thereofcomprise an elastomer material (e.g., silicone), and the hub 530comprises a rigid material for coupling to the rotor.

By such a construction, an impeller may be produced with the desired,advantageous aerodynamic features described herein, which can beinjection moulded. That is, using such a construction, the manufacturermay be able to withdraw a ‘core’ of the injecting moulding tool, as thefirst impeller portion 500-1 (e.g., comprising silicone) would be ableto resiliently deform to allow removal of the injection moulding tool.Further advantageously, such a material (e.g., silicone) of the firstimpeller portion 500-1 may allow manufacture of thinner wall sectionsthan plastic, thus enabling manufacture for example of the thin impellerblade leading edge 511 and/or trailing edge 512 described above.

Also, a strategic use of such a deformable, resilient material, ratherthan construction of an impeller entirely from a deformable, resilientmaterial, may help to manufacture an impeller wherein an overallstructural integrity is sufficient for durability as well as limitingdeformation in operation.

In other forms, an impeller may comprise multiple portions, each notnecessarily comprising different materials to each other.

In the example shown in FIGS. 5T-5X, the first impeller portion 500-1and the second impeller portion 500-2 may be separately moulded andassembled or fastened together. In an example, the first and secondportions may each comprise a rigid material (e.g., rigid plastic, suchas PEEK, also known as polyetheretherketone). In another example, thefirst portion may comprise a deformable, resilient material (e.g., anelastomeric material such as silicone) and the second portion maycomprise a rigid material (e.g., rigid plastic). For example, the firstportion 500-1 (i.e., the first moulded part or portion) may comprise thetop shroud 520, the impeller blades 510, and a first fastening portion550. The second portion 500-2 (i.e., the second moulded part or portion)may comprise the hub 530, the bottom shroud 525, and a second fasteningportion 555. The first impeller portion 500-1 and the second impellerportion 500-2 are fastened together by assembling the first fasteningportion 550 to the second fastening portion 555.

In the illustrated example, the first fastening portion 550 includes ahub portion 550-1 and radially extending projections 550-2 spaced aboutthe perimeter of the hub portion 550-1 (e.g., see FIG. 5W). The secondfastening portion 555 includes an annular slot 555-1 about the hub 530adapted to receive the hub portion 550-1 of the first fastening portion550 when assembled, and the second fastening portion 555 includesradially extending slots 555-2 adapted to receive respective projections550-2 of the first fastening portion 550 when assembled, e.g., toprevent relative rotation. However, it should be appreciated that thefirst and second fastening portions 550, 555 may comprise otherfastening configurations to fasten, interlock, or otherwise interfacethe first and second impeller portions.

The two portions 500-1 and 500-2 may be fastened or secured together toproduce the impeller 500, such as by snap fit, gluing, welding or anynumber of other suitable methods. Still further, in some forms, the twoportions 500-1 and 500-2 may be arranged such that coupling theassembled impeller 500 onto the motor (e.g., via motor shaft) furtherstrengthens the bonding between the portions of the impeller 500. Forexample, when the hub 530 of impeller 500 is coupled to the rotor ormotor shaft (e.g., by a press fit), the fastening (e.g., snap-fit)between the two portions 500-1 and 500-2 may be assisted and tightenedby such hub coupling, e.g., the snap-fit fastening may be tightened bythe press-fit coupling of the hub to the rotor.

In another example, as shown in FIGS. 5HH and 5II, the first impellerportion 500-1 (i.e., the first moulded part or portion) may comprise thetop shroud 520, the impeller blades 510, the hub 530, and a firstfastening portion 550. The second impeller portion 500-2 (i.e., thesecond moulded part or portion) may comprise the bottom shroud 525(e.g., substantially planar disc) and a second fastening portion 555. Inthe illustrated example, the first fastening portion 550 comprises aplurality of protrusions or pips 556-1 extending from the flat lowersurface of the impeller blades 510 and/or the hub 530, and the secondfastening portion 555 comprises a plurality of holes or slots 556-2 inthe bottom shroud 525. The two portions 500-1 and 500-2 may be coupledby aligning and engaging the plurality of protrusions or pips 556-1 intorespective holes or slots 556-2 and then fastened or secured together,e.g., by heat stake. The protrusions 556-1 and corresponding holes 556-2may include circular and/or non-circular shapes, e.g., exemplary figuresshow combination of circular and non-circular shapes for theprotrusions/holes which may be arranged along similar or differentportions of the impeller relative to one another (e.g., protrusion/holealong radially inner portion of impeller blade, protrusion/hole alongradially outer portion of impeller blade, protrusion/hole along hub). Itshould be appreciated that FIGS. 5HH and 5II are exemplary and theprotrusions/holes may include any suitable combination of shapes, sizes,and arrangements to facilitate fastening and alignment of the twoportions 500-1 and 500-2. In an example, an increased number ofprotrusions/holes may be at least partially determinative of thestrength of the joint.

In an example, as shown in FIGS. 5JJ, a relatively sharp end of theblade tip of each impeller blade 510 may be filled in to form a thickerprotrusion 556-1 adapted to engage within a corresponding slot orcut-away 556-2 in the edge of the bottom shroud 525. Such arrangementavoids construction of a sharp blade tip to facilitate manufacture,e.g., facilitate molding.

FIGS. 5KK and 5LL show another example of an impeller comprising twoimpeller portions. In the illustrated example, the first impellerportion 500-1 (i.e., the first moulded part or portion) may comprise thetop shroud 520, an upper portion 530-1 of the hub 530, and an upperportion 510-1 of each of the plurality of impeller blades 510. In theillustrated example, the second impeller portion 500-2 (i.e., the secondmoulded part or portion) may comprise the bottom shroud 525, a lowerportion 530-2 of the hub 530, and a lower portion 510-2 of each of theplurality of impeller blades 510. The first impeller portion 500-1 andthe second impeller portion 500-2 provide generally planar joininggeometry or planar surfaces that are fastened together, e.g., by gluingor welding the upper portion 530-1 of the hub 530 to the lower portion530-2 of the hub 530, and by gluing or welding the upper portion 510-1of each of the plurality of impeller blades 510 to a respective one ofthe lower portion 510-2 of each of the plurality of impeller blades 510.

In such example, the first and second portions 500-1, 500-2 may compriseline-of-draw and may be injection molded with relatively simple,rotating tools. For example, the more complex first portion 500-1 maycomprise rotating-while-moving-linearly core to form the flow passageinlets and line-of-draw for the remainder of the flow passage, and thesimpler second portion 500-2 may comprise the bottom shroud (e.g.,substantially planar disc) with line-of-draw for partial blades.

In an example, as shown in FIGS. 5MM and 5NN, the upper portion 530-1 ofthe hub 530 of the first portion 500-1 may comprise a cylindricalprotrusion 557-1 adapted to engage within the central opening 557-2provided by the lower portion 530-2 of the hub 530 of the second portion500-2. Such arrangement provides a concentric alignment detail (i.e.,cylindrical locating interfaces between the first and second portions500-1, 500-2) to the hub to facilitate alignment and concentricity ofthe first and second impeller portions 500-1, 500-2 when fastened to oneanother.

In another example, as shown in FIGS. 500 and 5PP, the lower portion530-2 of the hub 530 of the second portion 500-2 may comprise aprotrusion 558-1 (e.g., generally cylindrical protrusion) adapted toengage within an opening 558-2 provided in the upper portion 530-1 ofthe hub 530 of the first portion 500-1. Such arrangement provides aconcentric alignment to the hub to facilitate alignment of the first andsecond portions 500-1, 500-2 when fastened to one another.

It will of course be understood that this would not be limited toimpellers consisting of two portions, however any number of portions maybe assembled together to produce an impeller.

For example, in an alternative example, an impeller may comprise threeimpeller portions that are fastened or secured together to produce theimpeller. For example, as shown in FIG. 5QQ, a first impeller portion500-1 may comprise the bottom shroud 525 and the hub 530 structured forcoupling to the rotor, a second impeller portion 500-2 may comprise theplurality of impeller blades 510 (e.g., 11 impeller blades), and a thirdimpeller portion 500-3 may comprise the top shroud 520. In an example,each of the first, second, and third impeller portions 500-1, 500-2,500-3 may comprise a molded construction of plastic material. In anexemplary first step, using a fixture, the first and second impellerportions 500-1, 500-2 may be assembled to one another, e.g., theplurality of impeller blades 510 may be secured (e.g., laser or sonicweld) to the bottom shroud 525 and the hub 530. In an exemplary secondstep, using a second fixture, the third impeller portion 500-3 may beassembled to the assembled first and second impeller portions 500-1,500-2, e.g., the top shroud 520 may be secured (e.g., laser or sonicweld) to the assembled bottom shroud 525, hub, 530 and impeller blades510.

In another example, as shown in FIGS. 5RR, 5SS, and 5TT, the impellermay comprise a three-part injection molded construction. For example,the first impeller portion 500-1 (i.e., the first moulded part orportion) may comprise the top shroud 520, an upper portion 530-1 of thehub 530, and an upper portion 510-1 of each of the plurality of impellerblades 510. In the illustrated example, the second impeller portion500-2 (i.e., the second moulded part or portion) may comprise the bottomshroud 525, a lower portion 530-2 of the hub 530, and a lower portion510-2 of each of the plurality of impeller blades 510. In theillustrated example, the third impeller portion 500-3 (i.e., the thirdmoulded part or portion) may comprise a cylindrical hub portion 530-3 ofthe hub 530. In an exemplary first step, the first and second portions500-1 and 500-2 may be engaged or interlocked by aligning and engagingfastening portions provided to the first and second portions 500-1 and500-2, e.g., aligning and engaging plurality of protrusions or pips556-1 provided to the first portion 500-1 into respective holes or slots556-2 provided to the second portion 500-2, e.g., as described above. Inan exemplary second step, the third portion 500-3 may be injectionmolded to the first and second portions 500-1 and 500-2 to fasten thefirst and second portions 500-1 and 500-2 to one another, e.g.,cylindrical hub portion 530-3 injection molded between the upper andlower portions 530-1, 530-2 to form the hub 530 and fasten the first andsecond portions 500-1 and 500-2.

5.4.1.1.2 Exemplary Blower

FIG. 5FF shows a blower 600 for an RPT device including impellers 500according to one aspect of the present technology. In the illustratedexample, the blower 600 includes a two-stage design structured andconfigured for producing a flow, or a supply, of air at positivepressure, e.g., in the range of 4-30 cmH₂O. In an example, the RPTdevice is configured to deliver the flow of air from the outlet fordelivery to the patient at a pressure between 4-30 cm₂O at an overallsound power level of less than 50 dB(A) thereby reducing any disturbanceto a quality of sleep for the patient. However, in alternative examples,the blower may include a single stage design, a three stage design, orfour or more stage designs.

As shown, the blower 600 includes a housing 610 including an axial airinlet (blower inlet) 612 and axial air outlet (blower outlet) 614between which are located two stages with corresponding impellers 500,i.e., a first impeller 500 positioned on one side of the motor 620 and asecond impeller 500 positioned on the other side of the motor 620. Themotor 620 includes a rotor 625 to which the impellers 500 are coupled.The impellers 500 are configured to be rotated by the rotor 625 todeliver a flow of air from the inlet 612 toward the outlet 614. However,other suitable impeller arrangements are possible. Each impeller 500 maybe followed by a set of stator vanes structured and configured to directthe air flow to the next stage or outlet.

In an example, the housing 610 may comprise a plurality of housingportions (e.g., first housing part including inlet 612, second housingpart including outlet 614, and intermediate housing parts (e.g.,stationary components providing stator vanes to direct air flow) thatare connected to one another (e.g., welded) to a form a substantiallysealed structure.

Further examples and details of the blower are described in PCT PatentApplication Publication No. WO 2013/020167, which is incorporated hereinby reference in its entirety.

According to one aspect of the present technology, a portion of thehousing 610 adjacent each impeller 500 may include a radius thatsubstantially corresponds to the radius at the leading edge 523 of theimpeller inlet wall 521 of the impeller 500. For example, as best shownon FIG. 5GG, a portion of the housing 610 adjacent the perimeter of theblower inlet 612 includes a generally curved surface, e.g., concavesurface 615, spaced from and adjacent the generally curved surface,e.g., convex surface 527, provided at the leading edge 523 of theimpeller inlet wall 521. In an example, such generally concave surface615 of the housing 610 includes a radius that substantially correspondsto a radius of the generally convex surface 527 provided at the leadingedge 523 of the impeller inlet wall 521.

The substantially corresponding radiusses, the configuration of thecurved channel 650 formed between the surfaces 615, 527 of the housing610 and the impeller 500, and such curved channel 650 terminating at apoint where the tangent would point generally downwards (i.e., towardsthe impeller as approximated by the short arrow A1 in FIG. 5GG) helpsre-circulated flow (indicated by the long arrow A2 in FIG. 5GG) smoothlyenter the impeller inlet 522. That is, the curved channel 650 formed bycorresponding curved surfaces 615, 527 of the housing 610 and theimpeller 500 smoothly directs re-circulated flow into the impeller inlet522.

5.5 Glossary

For the purposes of the present technology disclosure, in certain formsof the present technology, one or more of the following definitions mayapply. In other forms of the present technology, alternative definitionsmay apply.

5.5.1 General

Air: In certain forms of the present technology, air may be taken tomean atmospheric air, and in other forms of the present technology airmay be taken to mean some other combination of breathable gases, e.g.atmospheric air enriched with oxygen.

Flow rate: The volume (or mass) of air delivered per unit time. Flowrate may refer to an instantaneous quantity. In some cases, a referenceto flow rate will be a reference to a scalar quantity, namely a quantityhaving magnitude only. In other cases, a reference to flow rate will bea reference to a vector quantity, namely a quantity having bothmagnitude and direction. Flow rate may be given the symbol Q. ‘Flowrate’ is sometimes shortened to simply ‘flow’ or ‘airflow’.

Patient: A person, whether or not they are suffering from a respiratorycondition.

Pressure: Force per unit area. Pressure may be expressed in a range ofunits, including cmH₂O, g-f/cm2 and hectopascal. 1 cm₂O is equal to 1g-f/cm2 and is approximately 0.98 hectopascal. In this specification,unless otherwise stated, pressure is given in units of cmH2O.

Respiratory Pressure Therapy (RPT): The application of a supply of airto an entrance to the airways at a treatment pressure that is typicallypositive with respect to atmosphere.

Ventilator: A mechanical device that provides pressure support to apatient to perform some or all of the work of breathing.

5.5.1.1 Mechanical Properties

Resilience: Ability of a material to absorb energy when deformedelastically and to release the energy upon unloading.

Resilient: Will release substantially all of the energy when unloaded.Includes e.g. certain silicones, and thermoplastic elastomers.

Hardness: The ability of a material per se to resist deformation (e.g.described by a Young's Modulus, or an indentation hardness scalemeasured on a standardised sample size).

‘Soft’ materials may include silicone or thermo-plastic elastomer (TPE),and may, e.g. readily deform under finger pressure. ‘Hard’ materials mayinclude polycarbonate, polypropylene, steel or aluminium, and may note.g. readily deform under finger pressure.

Stiffness (or rigidity) of a structure or component: The ability of thestructure or component to resist deformation in response to an appliedload. The load may be a force or a moment, e.g. compression, tension,bending or torsion. The structure or component may offer differentresistances in different directions.

Floppy structure or component: A structure or component that will changeshape, e.g. bend, when caused to support its own weight, within arelatively short period of time such as 1 second.

Rigid structure or component: A structure or component that will notsubstantially change shape when subject to the loads typicallyencountered in use. An example of such a use may be setting up andmaintaining a patient interface in sealing relationship with an entranceto a patient's airways, e.g. at a load of approximately 20 to 30 cm₂Opressure.

5.6 Other Remarks

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains materialwhich is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has noobjection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent documentor the patent disclosure, as it appears in Patent Office patent files orrecords, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise and where a range ofvalues is provided, it is understood that each intervening value, to thetenth of the unit of the lower limit, between the upper and lower limitof that range, and any other stated or intervening value in that statedrange is encompassed within the technology. The upper and lower limitsof these intervening ranges, which may be independently included in theintervening ranges, are also encompassed within the technology, subjectto any specifically excluded limit in the stated range. Where the statedrange includes one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either orboth of those included limits are also included in the technology.

Furthermore, where a value or values are stated herein as beingimplemented as part of the technology, it is understood that such valuesmay be approximated, unless otherwise stated, and such values may beutilized to any suitable significant digit to the extent that apractical technical implementation may permit or require it.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used hereinhave the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill inthe art to which this technology belongs. Although any methods andmaterials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also beused in the practice or testing of the present technology, a limitednumber of the exemplary methods and materials are described herein.

When a particular material is identified as being used to construct acomponent, obvious alternative materials with similar properties may beused as a substitute. Furthermore, unless specified to the contrary, anyand all components herein described are understood to be capable ofbeing manufactured and, as such, may be manufactured together orseparately.

It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, thesingular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include their plural equivalents,unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

All publications mentioned herein are incorporated herein by referencein their entirety to disclose and describe the methods and/or materialswhich are the subject of those publications. The publications discussedherein are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing dateof the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as anadmission that the present technology is not entitled to antedate suchpublication by virtue of prior invention. Further, the dates ofpublication provided may be different from the actual publication dates,which may need to be independently confirmed.

The terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted asreferring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner,indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may bepresent, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, orsteps that are not expressly referenced.

The subject headings used in the detailed description are included onlyfor the ease of reference of the reader and should not be used to limitthe subject matter found throughout the disclosure or the claims. Thesubject headings should not be used in construing the scope of theclaims or the claim limitations.

Although the technology herein has been described with reference toparticular examples, it is to be understood that these examples aremerely illustrative of the principles and applications of thetechnology. In some instances, the terminology and symbols may implyspecific details that are not required to practice the technology. Forexample, although the terms “first” and “second” may be used, unlessotherwise specified, they are not intended to indicate any order but maybe utilised to distinguish between distinct elements. Furthermore,although process steps in the methodologies may be described orillustrated in an order, such an ordering is not required. Those skilledin the art will recognize that such ordering may be modified and/oraspects thereof may be conducted concurrently or even synchronously.

It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be madeto the illustrative examples and that other arrangements may be devisedwithout departing from the spirit and scope of the technology.

5.7 Reference Signs List

impeller 500 first impeller portion 500-1 second impeller portion 500-2third impeller portion 500-3 impeller blade 510 upper portion 510-1lower portion 510-2 impeller blade leading edge 511 impeller bladetrailing edge 512 inner blade portion 513 opening 514 first edge 515second edge 517 curved surface 519 top shroud 520 top shroud firstportion 520-1 top shroud second portion 520-2 inlet wall 521 impellerinlet 522 leading edge 523 impeller outlet 524 bottom shroud 525 bottomshroud first portion 525-1 bottom shroud second portion 525-2 curvedsurface 527 hub 530 upper portion 530-1 lower portion 530-2 hub portion530-3 flow passage 540 first fastening portion 550 hub portion 550-1projection 550-2 second fastening portion 555 annular slot 555-1 slot555-2 protrusion 556-1 hole 556-2 protrusion 557-1 opening 557-2protrusion 558-1 opening 558-2 blower 600 housing 610 blower inlet 612blower outlet 614 curved surface 615 motor 620 rotor 625 channel 650patient 1000 bed partner 1100 patient interface 3000 seal - formingstructure 3100 plenum chamber 3200 positioning and stabilising structure3300 vent 3400 connection port 3600 forehead support 3700 RPT device4000 external housing 4010 upper portion 4012 lower portion 4014 panel4015 chassis 4016 handle 4018 pneumatic block 4020 inlet air filter 4112blower 4142 air circuit 4170 electrical component 4200 PCBA 4202electrical power supply 4210 input device 4220 humidifier 5000

1. A compact respiratory therapy device suitable for use by a patientduring sleep to provide respiratory pressure therapy, the devicecomprising: a housing; an inlet; an outlet; a motor including a rotor;an impeller configured to be rotated by the rotor to deliver a flow ofair from the inlet toward the outlet, the impeller comprising: a firstmoulded part comprising a plurality of impeller blades, each impellerblade comprising a leading edge and a trailing edge; and a first shroudcomprising a wall defining a periphery of an impeller inlet; and asecond moulded part comprising a hub structured for coupling to therotor and a second shroud, wherein the compact respiratory therapydevice is configured to deliver the flow of air from the outlet fordelivery to the patient at a pressure between 4-30 cm₂O at an overallsound power level of less than 50 dB(A) thereby reducing any disturbanceto a quality of sleep for the patient, and wherein: a diameter of theimpeller is less than about 50 mm, and each shroud at least partlydefines a flow passage through the impeller.
 2. The compact respiratorytherapy device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first moulded part andthe second moulded part are fastened by a snap fit.
 3. The compactrespiratory therapy device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the hub ispress fit onto the rotor and the snap fit is tightened by the press fit.4. The compact respiratory therapy device as claimed in claim 1, whereinthe first moulded part and the second moulded part are welded together.5. The compact respiratory therapy device as claimed in claim 1,wherein: the first moulded part further comprises an outer portion ofthe second shroud, and the second moulded part further comprises anouter portion of the first shroud.
 6. The compact respiratory therapydevice as claimed in claim 5, wherein the second moulded part furthercomprises inner portions of the impeller blades.
 7. The compactrespiratory therapy device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the innerportions of the impeller blades are adapted to be received incorresponding openings provided within the impeller blades.
 8. Thecompact respiratory therapy device as claimed in claim 5, wherein thefirst moulded part comprises silicone.
 9. The compact respiratorytherapy device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first moulded part isovermoulded to the second moulded part.
 10. A compact respiratorytherapy device suitable for use by a patient during sleep to providerespiratory pressure therapy, the device comprising: a housing; aninlet; an outlet; a motor including a rotor; and an impeller configuredto be rotated by the rotor to deliver a flow of air from the inlettoward the outlet, the impeller comprising: a first moulded partcomprising: a plurality of impeller blades, each impeller bladecomprising a leading edge and a trailing edge; a hub structured forcoupling to the rotor; and a first shroud comprising a wall defining aperiphery of an impeller inlet; and a second moulded part comprising: asecond shroud; and a fastening portion, wherein the compact respiratorytherapy device is configured to deliver the flow of air from the outletfor delivery to the patient at a pressure between 4-30 cmH₂O at anoverall sound power level of less than 50 dB(A) thereby reducing anydisturbance to a quality of sleep for the patient, and wherein: adiameter of the impeller is less than about 50 mm, and each shroud atleast partly defines a flow passage through the impeller.
 11. Thecompact respiratory therapy device as claimed in claim 10, wherein thefirst moulded part further comprises a plurality of protrusions adaptedto engage with the fastening portion of the second moulded part.
 12. Thecompact respiratory therapy device as claimed in claim 10, wherein eachimpeller blade comprises a thickened protrusion adapted to engage withthe fastening portion of the second moulded part.
 13. The compactrespiratory therapy device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the fasteningportion of the second moulded part comprises a lower portion of the hubwith which the hub of the first moulded part is adapted to engage.
 14. Acompact respiratory therapy device suitable for use by a patient duringsleep to provide respiratory pressure therapy, the device comprising: ahousing; an inlet; an outlet; a motor including a rotor; and an impellerconfigured to be rotated by the rotor to deliver a flow of air from theinlet toward the outlet, the impeller comprising: a first moulded partcomprising a first shroud comprising a wall defining a periphery of animpeller inlet; a second moulded part comprising: a hub structured forcoupling to the rotor; and a second shroud; and a third moulded partcomprising a plurality of impeller blades, each impeller bladecomprising a leading edge and a trailing edge, wherein the compactrespiratory therapy device is configured to deliver the flow of air fromthe outlet for delivery to the patient at a pressure between 4-30 cmH₂Oat an overall sound power level of less than 50 dB(A) thereby reducingany disturbance to a quality of sleep for the patient, and wherein: adiameter of the impeller is less than about 50 mm, and each shroud atleast partly defines a flow passage through the impeller.
 15. A compactrespiratory therapy device suitable for use by a patient during sleep toprovide respiratory pressure therapy, the device comprising: a housing;an inlet; an outlet; a motor including a rotor; and an impellerconfigured to be rotated by the rotor to deliver a flow of air from theinlet toward the outlet, the impeller comprising: a first moulded partcomprising: a first shroud comprising a wall defining a periphery of animpeller inlet; and a plurality of impeller blades, each impeller bladecomprising a leading edge and a trailing edge; a second moulded partcomprising a second shroud; and a third moulded part comprising a hubstructured for coupling to the rotor, wherein the compact respiratorytherapy device is configured to deliver the flow of air from the outletfor delivery to the patient at a pressure between 4-30 cm₂O at anoverall sound power level of less than 50 dB(A) thereby reducing anydisturbance to a quality of sleep for the patient, and wherein: adiameter of the impeller is less than about 50 mm, and each shroud atleast partly defines a flow passage through the impeller.
 16. Thecompact respiratory therapy device as claimed in claim 15, wherein thesecond moulded part further comprises a lower portion of the hub andlower portions of each of the impeller blades.
 17. The compactrespiratory therapy device as claimed in claim 15, wherein the firstmoulded part further comprises an upper portion of the hub.
 18. Thecompact respiratory therapy device as claimed in claim 15, wherein thethird moulded part is injection moulded to the first and second mouldedparts to fasten the first and second moulded parts to one another.